Timeline of career theories and models

外資傾向な人たちがやたらplanned happenstanceを押し出すのでキャリア理論を鳥瞰。小生の興味対象のコーチング理論が最先端みたいに書いてあるけど、キャリアと繋がるのか？！

http://www2.careers.govt.nz/timeline_career_theories.html

Early 1900s

Theory:
Person-environment fit, trait factor

Names:
Parsons, Williamson, Holland
Vocational guidance is accomplished first by studying the individual, then by surveying occupations, and finally by matching the individual with the occupation.

Late 1950s

Theory:
Developmental

Names:
Ginzberg & Associates, Tiedman, Super, Gottfredson, Roe
Career development is a process that takes place over the life span. Career development activities should be designed to meet the needs of individuals at all stages of life.

1960s

Theory:
Client-centred

Name:
Rogers
Career development is focused on the nature of the relationship between the helper and client. It encompasses the core conditions of unconditional positive regards, genuineness, congruence and empathy.

Late 1970s

Theory:
Social learning

Name:
Krumboltz
The individual's unique learning experiences over their lifespan develop primary influences that lead to career choice.

1980s

Theory:
Post-modern

Name:
Kelly, Cochran, Jepsen
Truth is discovered subjectively through dialogue rather than through objective testing. This approach emphasises the individual’s experience and decision making through exploring personal constructs and the client’s narrative about their life.

1990s

Theory:
Neuro-linguistic programming

Names:
Richard Bandler, John Grinder
A way of coding thinking, language and behaviour based on the principle that changing the way one thinks can change behaviour.

1990s

Theory:
Happenstance

Name:
John Krumboltz
Chance events play a role in every career. The goal for clients is to generate beneficial chance events and have the ability to take advantage of them.

1990s

Theory:
Narrative therapy

Names:
Michael White and David Epston, Gregory Bateson
Clients are encouraged to separate themselves from their problems (ie, the problem becomes external). The client makes sense of their experiences by using stories.

1990s
(引用注：これはNZの公的機関のwebpage)
Theory:
Te whare tapa wha

Names:
Dr. Mason Durie
Maori health is a balance between four interacting dimensions: te taha wairua (the spiritual side); te taha hinengaro (thoughts and feelings); te taha tinana (the physical side) and te taha whanau (family).

2000s

Theory:
Coaching

A model of practice. All parts of the client’s life are taken into account through regular sessions.